![]() While Xeroxâs machines were expensive and commercially impractical, they greatly influenced the design of a number of personal computers through the late 1970s and early 1980s: Three Rivers PERQ, Appleâs Lisa (1983) and Macintosh (1984), and early Sun workstations. ![]()  Xerox PARC essentially pioneered âpixel art:â Adele Goldberg and Robert Flegal, both of PARC, coined the term in 1982, and it existed as a concept as early as 1972, when the company developed SuperPaint. This was followed by the Star in 1981, which featured rudimentary icons. The computer incorporated a mouse-driven cursor and a multiple-window platform to work on hypertext.īy the early 1970s, Xerox PARC had utilized this technology to create the Alto personal computer, which was fully equipped with a bitmapped screen, and menus - and was the first computer to integrate a GUI. In the 1960s, Doug Engelbart, an engineer obsessed with human-computer interaction, pioneered the oN-Line System (NLS) at SRI international in Menlo Park, California. When Apple launched the Macintosh in 1984, they touted its simple, user-friendly GUI - but in order to create it, Apple pulled from a long lineage of innovation in the computing industry. It wouldnât be fair to write about digital design without first paying homage to the development that made it possible: the graphic user interface (GUI). We had a chance to interview her this is her story.Ī 1984 Ad for the Apple Macintosh (Macintosh 128k) Source: Pinot Dita Equipped with few computer skills and lacking any prior experience with digital design, Kare proceeded to revolutionize pixel art.įor many, Susan Kare's icons were a first taste of human-computer interaction: they were approachable, friendly, and simple, much like the designer herself. Today, we recognize the little images - system-failure bomb, paintbrush, mini-stopwatch, dogcow - as old, pixelated friends.īut Kare, who has subsequently done design work for Microsoft, Facebook, and Paypal, has also become her own icon, immortalized in the annals of pixel art. ![]() Susan Kare âwas the type of kid who always loved art.â As a child, she lost herself in drawings, paintings, and crafts as a young woman, she dove into art history and dreamed of being a world-renowned fine artist.īut when a chance encounter in 1982 reconnected her with an old friend and Apple employee, Kare found herself working in a different medium, with a much smaller canvas - about 1,024 pixels. Thirty years ago, as tech titans battled for real estate in the personal computer market, an inconspicuous young artist gave the Macintosh a smile.
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